• hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective

  2023-02-07

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

• formestane br Functional consequences of ADK regulation on n

  2023-02-07

  

  Functional consequences of ADK regulation on neuronal excitability Adenosine modulates neuronal excitability via activation of the high affinity A1 or A2A, low-affinity A2B, or low abundance A3 adenosine receptors that feed into a multitude of different neuronal and astrocytic pathways (Blum et a

• Iberiotoxin mg At the last follow up nine patients had disco

  2023-02-07

  

  At the last follow-up, nine patients had discontinued pyridostigmine within the first year postoperatively. Only one patient required pyridostigmine at a higher dose, but this was accompanied by successful weaning of prednisolone. None of the 5 patients who were on pyridostigmine treatment alone pri

• tlr inhibitor During myeloid cell maturation expression of L

  2023-02-07

  

  During myeloid cell maturation, expression of 5-LO mRNA and protein is strongly induced (60–130-fold) by calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) [6,7]. The upregulation of 5-LO mRNA transcription is mainly due to transcript elongation and mRNA maturation [8,9]. Interestingly

• Because activation of HT A receptor

  2023-02-07

  

  Because activation of 5-HT2A receptor is capable of facilitating dopamine cell activity and dopamine release (Bortolozzi et al., 2003), and this action of dopamine is known to mediate rat maternal behavior, especially maternal motivation (Afonso et al., 2007, Febo et al., 2010, Li and Fleming, 2003,

• Steroidal CYP inhibitors can further be classified based on

  2023-02-07

  

  Steroidal CYP17 inhibitors can further be classified based on their mode of action, namely as mechanism-based inhibitors and type I and type II competitive inhibitors [129]. Recent studies investigated other biological targets than CYP17, and some new compounds have shown interesting dual activity a

• For these reasons the role played by autophagy

  2023-02-07

  

  For these reasons, the role played by autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity is not always easily determinable. Indeed, although the neuroprotective role of autophagy has been shown by several studies, sometimes induction of autophagy was associate with deleterious effects (Glick et al., 2010, Sri

• Aurora A the polar kinase is located at the centrosome

  2023-02-07

  

  Aurora A the ’polar kinase’ is located at the centrosome and is required for its maturation, division, for the mitotic spindle assembly and entry into mitosis., Mutation or transcriptional silencing of Aurora A impairs centrosome maturation and separation, leads to mono/multipolar spindles, to dela

• The surprising finding of our study is that human

  2023-02-07

  

  The surprising finding of our study is that human M1 macrophages stimulated by LPS express ALOX15B to high levels. So far 12/15-lipoxygenase activity was only reported for IL-4 stimulated anti-phlogistic M2 macrophages [9] but not for the classically activated M1 macrophages. Our data suggest that s

• Bioavailability has been defined as the amount of a drug

  2023-02-07

  

  Bioavailability has been defined as the amount of a drug given by any route, other than intravenously, that reaches general circulation and is available at the site of action [86]. The low bioavailability observed with the initial intravaginal devices (16%) was attributed to the melting point of the

• The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant

  2023-02-07

  

  The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as reduced glutathione (GSH) are normally oberserved is various tumor 568 synthesis which confers the chemoresistant to chemotherapy [59]. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress via elevation of intracellular ROS and dimunition of intracel

• Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities

  2023-02-07

  

  Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from mtDNA abnormalities may trigger retrograde signaling pathways from the mitochondrion to the nucleus, which regulate the expression of genes involved in diverse cellular processes, including metabolism, stress responses, tumor progression, nutrient sensing, li

• In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effec

  2023-02-07

  

  In order to further explore whether the cytoprotective effect of isogarcinol against oxidative stress in H2O2-induced HepG2 cholecystokinin receptor is a consequence of the breakdown of the endogenous antioxidant defence mechanism, we measured the LDH release, MDA levels, GSH levels and SOD activit

• br AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted

  2023-02-07

  

  AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted considerable attention within the past decades, owing to the capacity of pharmacological compounds (e.g., 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR] and metformin) or natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol) to activate AMPK in

• The A b action occurs in conditions where high concentration

  2023-02-06

  

  The A2b action occurs in conditions where high concentrations of adenosine is generated, so its blockage does not interfere with other physiological processes mediated by adenosine and others AR [105]. Furthermore the A3 receptor was shown to have pro-apoptotic effects on tumor lines of breast, lung

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