• Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellula

  2021-12-13

  

  Although oxidative stress induces a decrease in intracellular ATP level, the underlying mechanism is obscured. We hypothesized that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 could decrease astrocytes ATP level through lysosome exocytosis in Ca2+-dependent pattern. In present study, using H2O2 stimulation to

• The lysine K specific demethylase

  2021-12-13

  

  The lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4 (KDM4) family is comprised of 4 isoforms, KDM4A to -D, also known as JMJD2A to -D. KDM4A, B, and C encode proteins consisting of a JmjC, a JmjN, two PHD, and two Tudor domains. KDM4D is unique within the KDM4 family in that it has neither PHD nor Tudor domains,

• br Introduction The coronary vasculature is required

  2021-12-10

  

  Introduction The coronary vasculature is required for supplying oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle. Proper coronary blood circulation is essential for embryonic and adult cardiac tissue homeostasis. Defects associated with the coronary function leads to myocardial ischemia, infarction, and he

• br References and recommended reading

  2021-12-10

  

  References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Introduction Male sexual maturation includes gonadal maturation, secondary sexual characteristics, and the attainment of reproductive capacity [1]. Male sexual di

• One of the key epithelium derived factors required to mainta

  2021-12-10

  

  One of the key epithelium-derived factors required to maintain immune tolerance in the intestine is Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). Ihh is secreted exclusively by intestinal epithelial cells, and signals in a paracrine manner to the inhibitory receptor Patched1 (Ptch1) on Plerixafor 8HCl synthesis in the m

• Compstatin synthesis br Introduction br Mitochondrial dysfun

  2021-12-10

  

  Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer Lactate and succinate as oncometabolites Intracellular actions of lactate and succinate as tumor promoters Cell-surface receptors for lactate and succinate and their role in cancer GPR109A as the receptor for butyrate and β-hydroxybu

• All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs

  2021-12-10

  

  All of the abovementioned effects of PUFAs signal their involvement in a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon, which is increasingly recognized as a potential target for future pharmacotherapies of atherosclerosis, especially for individuals who do not respond to the classical lipid-lowering stra

• The presence of FBP in nuclei seems

  2021-12-10

  

  The presence of FBP2 in nuclei seems to accompany the cells' potential to divide as it has been shown that during differentiation of the satellite cells (myogenic progenitor cells) the amount of nuclear FBP2 decreases and in differentiated myotubes, the localisation of FBP2 is restricted to cytoplas

• Consistent with our gene profiling analyses showing that gen

  2021-12-10

  

  Consistent with our gene-profiling analyses showing that genes involved in mutual compensation of EGFR or integrin/FAK were significantly downregulated by Tinagl1 overexpression, treatment with r-Tinagl1 inhibited the activation of EGFR and FAK in vitro, and phenocopied the combined inhibition of in

• It has been demonstrated that RA regulates gene

  2021-12-10

  

  It has been demonstrated that RA regulates gene SMIP004 through an epigenetic mechanism during stem cell and cancer cell differentiation. In neuroblastoma cells, RA induced neural maturation through RET gene transcriptional activation by increasing H3K4me3 levels at the promoter region and demethyla

• br METHODS br RESULTS br Discussion

  2021-12-09

  

  METHODS RESULTS Discussion Numerous studies have proposed various hypotheses and models to explain how neuroinflammation could contribute to the chronic fatigue, postexertional fatigue, and cognitive deficits observed in patients with ME/CFS.12, 13, 14, 15 Although neuroimaging studies have

• Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site

  2021-12-09

  

  Growing evidence suggests that the glycine site seems to play a pivotal role in NMDAR-related function. For example, it STF 083010 has been demonstrated in a hippocampal slice study that the glycine site sub-serves the spatiotemporal detection of synaptic activity (Li et al., 2009). Moreover, mice w

• br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments This wo

  2021-12-09

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments This work was funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, NIDDK award #DK61425 (to PWS). Introduction The efflux of toxic compounds from the cell by multidrug exporters is an important mechanism for cellular homeostasis a

• Regarding the causative diseases of ES patients

  2021-12-09

  

  Regarding the causative diseases of ES, patients with unknown cause and those with encephalitis had significantly higher CSF levels of p38 inhibitor against GluN2B-NT2 and GluN2B-CT than the disease controls, but patients with genetic disorder and those with cortical dysplasia showed no significant

• Recently multiple receptor agonists have been developed

  2021-12-09

  

  Recently, multiple receptor agonists have been developed to treat type II diabetes (Finan et al., 2013, Finan et al., 2015). We have tested novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists that showed good neuroprotective effects that are superior to single GLP-1 analogues (Cao et al., 2016, Jalewa et al., 20

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