• The first initiating event that starts the process of tumori

  2018-10-24

  

  The first initiating event that starts the process of tumorigenesis must originate in a healthy cell. It is possible that this healthy cell may not be a stem cell (O\'Brien et al., 2007). However, given any cell of a healthy self-renewing tissue, the number of divisions that separates this cell from

• Interestingly in HCC cell lines the overexpression

  2018-10-24

  

  Interestingly, in HCC cell lines the overexpression of SOX2 correlated with an increased cell invasion and sphere formation ability (Sun et al., 2013), suggesting a connection to an EMT and CSC phenotype. In HCC patients, SOX2 expression predicted poor overall survival and prognosis even after hepat

• Expression of pluripotency markers was

  2018-10-24

  

  Expression of pluripotency markers was examined by immunocytochemistry staining, using p-Cresyl sulfate against human OCT3/4, E-CADHERIN, and NANOG (Fig. 1A). The in vitro spontaneous differentiation potential towards the three germ layer of the BIOT-0726-LOAD iPSC line was demonstrated by the expr

• To ultimately test the functional pacemaker

  2018-10-24

  

  To ultimately test the functional XL184 activity of the iSABs, we took advantage of the ex vivo model based on cultivated ventricular slices of murine hearts (Halbach et al., 2006; Figure 6A). Although such slices typically have spontaneous beating activity immediately after preparation, they can b

• Cell cycle adaptations in human ESCs hESCs are less defined

  2018-10-24

  

  Cell-cycle adaptations in human ESCs (hESCs) are less defined. In contrast to mESCs, hESCs exhibit significant fluctuation of cyclin expression in a cell-cycle-dependent manner (Neganova et al., 2009), indicating differences in the regulation of key cell-cycle proteins between the two cell types. Si

• Mitochondria play an important role in

  2018-10-24

  

  Mitochondria play an important role in neuronal activity and survival. Neurons rely on oxidative phosphorylation for their energy supply, and the abundance of mitochondria is an important factor in determining survivability of neurons (Yadava and Nicholls, 2007). We have previously reported that dif

• Comparative analysis of transgenic hPAX GFP expression revea

  2018-10-24

  

  Comparative analysis of transgenic hPAX6GFP expression revealed similarities between the retinal organoid system and the mouse retina in vivo. Our analyses indicated a similar sequence of hPAX6GFP+ retinal cell types in mice in vivo, and in mESC- and hESC-derived retinal organoids: progenitors and r

• br Introduction The reprogramming of somatic cells into plur

  2018-10-24

  

  Introduction The reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent cells using the classical set of transcription factors, OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and C-MYC (OKSM) and conventional culture conditions (leukemia inhibitory factor, serum) usually takes several weeks and yields induced pluripotent stem cells

• The role of Wnt catenin signaling

  2018-10-24

  

  The role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in reprogramming has also been investigated. Exogenously introduced WNT3A enhances fibroblast reprogramming in the absence of c-Myc (Marson et al., 2008). Knockdown or knockout of T cell factors or treatments with several drugs that control the Wnt pathway can cha

• Our study also confirmed that

  2018-10-24

  

  Our study also confirmed that miR-34a overexpression induced the downregulation of NOTCH1 and CYCLIN D1, which have been identified as target genes of miR-34a in tumor cells (Wei et al., 2012; Bae et al., 2012; Li et al., 2012; Sun et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2014a). In addition, CYCLIN D1 is a dire

• br Results To investigate the molecular and cellular phenoty

  2018-10-24

  

  Results To investigate the molecular and cellular phenotypes perturbed in DS, we compared DS and normal ESCs and their neural derivatives. In the past, we have isolated three DS-ESC lines, namely CSES13, CSES20, and CSES21, from PGS-derived embryos with trisomy of chromosome 21 (Figure 1A) (Bianc

• During differentiation mitochondrial maturation requires a d

  2018-10-24

  

  During differentiation, mitochondrial maturation requires a dynamic network and a continuous balance between fission and fusion processes. The balance is maintained via quality control of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins. Drp1 (Yoon et al., 2003), a key mitochondria protein controlling fis

• In addition clinical data indicate a connection

  2018-10-24

  

  In addition, clinical data indicate a connection between tp53 and mitochondrial function. Our data are in agreement with a prior cohort study of patients with Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), which is caused by the germline transmission of TP53 mutation (Wang et al., 2013). In this study, both lymphocyte

• A key observation of the present

  2018-10-24

  

  A key observation of the present study is that, contrary to a widespread practice, using multiple clones per individual can be very detrimental to the robustness of the study unless appropriate statistical methods are adopted. This represents a critical warning for the iPSC modeling field, since mos

• Introduction Currently organic materials are increasingly us

  2018-10-24

  

  Introduction Currently, organic materials are increasingly used in micro- and optoelectronics for creating photo- and light-emitting diodes, sensors, RFID tags, and other devices. There is a particular interest in compounds that may have some advantages over classic semiconductors, as the methods f

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